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India Insider: Why Russian Oil Should Be Treated Skeptically

by with No Comment AMT MarketsCommoditiesFeatured Highlights

India Insider: Why Russian Oil Should Be Treated Skeptically

As Russian President Vladimir Putin arrives in New Delhi for a bilateral summit, the mood in India’s capital is one of profound strategic tension. The core of the problem is India’s massive appetite for discounted Russian Crude Oil, which has shielded the economy from high energy prices but is now causing significant financial and geopolitical risks. This move comes at a time when India’s most important trade surpluses lies with the West, raising anxieties about U.S sanctions and shrinking strategic space.

Trapped Rupee Problem

Since the Ukraine war, Russia’s share of India’s Crude Oil imports has surged from under 2% to nearly 40%. This has simultaneously inflated India’s trade deficit with Russia to nearly $59 billion.

The transactions are largely settled in Indian Rupees (INR). Moscow has accumulated billions of Rupees in Indian banks. However, because the Rupee is not fully convertible on the global market, Russia has very limited ways to use this huge surplus within India. These billions of Rupees are essentially ‘trapped liquidity’ – a problem neither country can easily solve.

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India – Russia Bilateral Merchandise Trade Chart from 2017 – 2024

The Kremlin, meanwhile, is shifting its financial allegiance. It is preparing to issue Yuan denominated sovereign bonds, a decisive step that deepens its reliance on Beijing’s financial system amid a cut off from the Western financial system. This financial trajectory clearly signals the next logical step: Russia will inevitably demand that India begin paying for its oil shipments in Chinese Yuan (CNY).

Structural Risk of Holding Chinese Yuan

India has never been comfortable holding Chinese Yuan or settling trades in the currency. That’s partly strategic as New Delhi wants to protect its geopolitical autonomy and position itself as the democratic anchor of the Global South while staying closely aligned with the West.

But Russia’s financial plumbing is now increasingly routed through China. As the Kremlin becomes more deeply integrated into China’s banking and payments system, its dependence on the Yuan becomes structural. Moscow needs Yuan not only to service Chinese creditors, but also to pay for its expanding list of manufactured imports from China. The Ruble, being a largely non-convertible currency, simply cannot support this scale of trade.

For now, Russia-China trade is balanced enough because Beijing still buys large quantities of Russian energy. But this equilibrium can shift quickly. As the Ukraine war drags on and Moscow’s defense spending rises, the Kremlin will be forced to rely even more heavily on Chinese financing, Chinese goods, and ultimately the Yuan itself, tightening its economic dependency on Beijing.

When that moment arrives, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) will be forced to accumulate Yuan as part of its Forex reserves to ensure the continued flow of oil. This decision, born of necessity, introduces a structural vulnerability into India’s financial system as the adoption of Yuan as a reserve currency subject to China’s capital controls.

Risks of Holding the Yuan

China may have both the onshore (CNY) and offshore (CNH) Yuan, but the currency is ultimately controlled by the PBOC, which makes it a risky reserve asset for India. In a crisis, Beijing’s capital controls could restrict liquidity and prevent the RBI from freely converting yuan into hard currency like the USD, effectively trapping India’s capital.

Beyond this financial rigidity, large Yuan holdings also expose India to CCP driven political risk, tying its external stability to China’s domestic decisions. And unlike the Dollar which can be deployed anywhere, Yuan reserves are usable mainly for transactions with China or countries in its financial orbit, sharply limiting India’s strategic and financial flexibility.

Strategic Win for Beijing

For Beijing, this shift delivers a double strategic win, cementing the Yuan as the dominant settlement currency across Eurasia especially among countries squeezed by Western sanctions and it allows the yuan to slip into India’s financial system indirectly, not through Chinese pressure but through Russia’s growing dependence on Chinese finance and India’s reliance on discounted Russian oil.

For Moscow, this is a reluctant compromise: giving up some monetary autonomy in exchange for necessary financial support from China.

For India, however, it introduces a new long term structural risk with a slow but steady Yuan encroachment into its trade and reserve system, operating alongside the dominant U.S Dollar. The oil corridor that was meant to offer an independent strategic opportunity for India is now becoming a channel which Beijing can strengthen its monetary footprint. In this complex triangle, India risks paying a dangerous tactical long-term price for its energy security.

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Pay Attention to Mid-Size Banking Noise

by with No Comment AMT MarketsFeatured HighlightsRisk Analysis

Pay Attention to Mid-Size Banking Noise

About a week and a half ago the U.S Federal Reserve ‘admitted’ they made a mistake regarding their oversight of Silicon Valley Bank. In essence, the Fed used the sports phrase that sprung to life in the early 2000’s by baseball players who said, “my bad”, as if by admitting when they made a mental error on the field it would soon be forgiven. “What a good guy”, some folks would say as a player took responsibility, but their team would lose the game.

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Gold 3 month chart as of 5th May 2023

The question for the Fed is what will they say when other so-called mid-size and smaller banks start to crumble from duress? The Federal Funds Rate was increased again this week by an expected 0.25% and the corporate banking sector in the U.S is under strain. Many banks are seeing share values on Wall Street disappear as they watch their trading screens with alarm.

Let’s not get caught up in hyperbole, or scare mongering, but these banks and the Federal Reserve have simply proven again they have no real grasp regarding risk analysis and what to do when the proverbial ‘fluff’ hits the fan. It is easy to point fingers now, yes, but the writing has been on the wall. It is much easier to make money for a bank when money is cheap. Little to no interest rates allowed banks to be speculative – compared to an environment when the lending rate is high and folks do not borrow, or pay back slowly. Deposits are also dwindling because bonds and other assets have become attractive for ‘clients’ who want to park their money elsewhere to earn better returns. The middle class and lower class are under pressure and small businesses are too as mid-size banks get nervous.

In the FOMC Statement this week which was somehow a unanimous decision – no dissension is a bad sign ladies and gentlemen – the Fed stated “The U.S. banking system is sound and resilient. Tighter credit conditions for households and businesses are likely to weigh on economic activity, hiring, and inflation…..” However, they also pointed out that inflation remains ‘elevated’. And let’s dissect the banking is sound statement, the Federal Reserve did not elaborate. They surely cannot mean the mid-size and smaller banking sector which is losing value almost daily because of struggling corporate share values are sturdy. Financial houses of various types are clearly betting these banks will come under immense weight because interest rates remain high.

Oh, and borrowing costs can still go higher, because let’s face it, inflation is not going away soon. The Fed has helped ramp up inflation by creating ‘import inflation’ as they have ‘killed’ foreign currencies values. If you are a fan of body language watch Fed Chairman Jerome Powell answer questions during the Fed Press Conference from this Wednesday the 3rd of May, when pushed on details regarding the mid-size banking sector and the future of interest rates. He didn’t put his hand up in the air and say, “my bad”, but it would not have been surprising, however it did look like he wanted to walk off of the field. The stadium packed with depositors within mid-sized and smaller banks should be prepared to show their disdain. Middle America should be unwilling to take this loss.

No historical events are exactly similar, but the Fed and its continued ability to put on ‘blinders’ as the corporate mid-size banking sector in the U.S potentially cracks, smells eerily similar to what happened during the financial crisis of 2007 and 2008 when rumors became strong whispers and then turned into a nightmare. Please say hello to the possibility of another massive bailout from the U.S government, because J.P Morgan, BlackRock and other ‘banking’ mammoths do not have enough capital to keep everyone liquid and safe.

Nervous behavioral sentiment is rising its head and looking out over a dangerous landscape. Middle America should be prepared to react to the potential that their neighborhood banks might be in trouble. And the U.S had also better get ready for the very ugly word ‘stagflation’.