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India Insider: A Giant Bureaucracy Needs an Urgent Reset

July 16, 2026

by Ben Ezra with No Comment Assets Ben Ezra Central Banks Corporate Equities Exclusive Content Featured Highlights Financial Institutions India Investing Uncategorized World

Paperwork Cyclones and Slow Pace Confront Indian Citizens and Corporate Investment

Almost every single day Indians are confronted by massive bureaucratic problems when they have to approach the government for basic services. When this will change?

For example if you apply for an Aadhaar card (which is used for proof of identity and address in India), birth certificate or ration card (used primarily for getting subsidized groceries in government run stores), or want an electricity connection or passport, you have to move through a myriad of unnecessary bureaucracy in many government offices.

Recently, I went to renew my passport which was authorized and overseen in a regional passport office in Tiruchirappalli of the Tamil Nadu State. To my astonishment, there were no single chairs or any other type of sitting amenities for visitors carrying their applications. Visitors had to sit down on the floor outside the passport office.

India Insider: A Giant Bureaucracy Needs an Urgent Reset

Also applicants inside the premises had no access to office drinking water or restroom facilities. And the waiting hours were too long. The authorities there treat people like teachers treating students, making normal people wonder why they have to apply for their passports by undergoing this giant bureaucracy as if it were a psychology test of some sort. Many people pour their anger and frustrations onto online forums complaining about the mistreatment.

Some of these people likely wondered how India despite showcasing it can send satellites to space and the Chandrayaan to the moon, doesn’t seem to have a stable, nor easier services for the day to day needs of the people regarding government affairs.

The government may argue that due to large numbers of people constantly applying for various forms and certificates, and a lack of adequate staff, things are more than a little complex in many overburdened government departments. But the fact the government seems to miss and a critical point people are driven to anger about, is that the nation collect taxes from its citizens to insure adequate services which are not fulfilled comfortably in most cases.

Indian citizens are not applying empty handed for a passport and expecting charity or miracles from the government, rather they pay an accepted fee to the passport office. Thus, it’s the duty of the government bureaucracies to be held accountable.

In government run local panchayats (rural government assemblies), there is always rampant corruption. An example can be given regarding the simple renewing of a business license. Corruption is a common thing. Vishalini (name changed) told me that she had to pay a 5000 Rupees fee ($51 USD) in 2019 in order to bribe a local panchayat to get her father’s death certificate

Imagine what would happen if some officers from the government or its employees, went to a restaurant and they were treated badly and charged $20 instead of $2 for a Dosa or Vada Pav. Would they silently pay the bill with cash not resisting, or would they fight back and ask questions?

As a former Forex broker working in the Indian financial markets and servicing retail clients, I have witnessed how this bureaucracy has worked. In April 2024, the authorities simply banned the exchange traded currency derivatives market that allowed retail speculators, small scale exporters and importers to hedge their exposure, wagering on the direction of the Rupee against 4 currencies – the EUR, GBP, Yen and USD. Many clients lost money, because they couldn’t sell at the available market price and some of the trades were liquidated by brokers’ risk management systems when the directive was put into force. The authorities neither compensated, nor took responsibility for these actions. The government action was decisive and swift.

Almost everyone in India knows that we have ‘missed the boat’ by making small manufacturing detrimentally hard due to red tape, poor infrastructure and giant bureaucracy. Free enterprise and entrepreneurship create innovation, less government intervention and greater economic freedom could allow small scale manufacturing to flourish.

Not Only Indian Citizens Suffer, So Do Investors

India has huge gaps to fill, but even if someone injects capital for an infrastructure project, makes money, and is creating jobs, there are still many things to be done about the burden of bureaucracy. The results of government inefficiency and corruption also creates hurdles and disadvantages for investors who would like to participate in India’s growth story with much needed foreign money.

India’s enormous bureaucracy needs urgent improvement and progress in order to facilitate and revitalize its approval system to receive Aadhaar cards, marriage certificates and even death certificate in a more timely manner. Everything can and should be digitized, so people don’t have to wait in long cues to verify or get new documents.

A lack of effective and transparent services in government offices have to be dealt with effectively. Standards need to be created, upheld and checked on regularly, a host of problems need to be eradicated. Indian citizens would benefit.

India is a current account deficit country and it needs foreign direct capital to help finance its deficit. Investment opportunities need to be made easier for financial institutions abroad to facilitate capital inflows into India so it is less reliant on its own domestic borrowing and savings. Weak frameworks and institutional voids create problems. For India to reverse the weakened foreign direct investment being demonstrated and attract meaningful capital, fundamental changes need to take place, we cannot rely on mere hope for more favorable diversification cycles from abroad. With better policies implemented by the government, India can attract global investment funds easier and help foster improvements for all.

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Why the U.S Fed Should Lower Interest Rates Closer to 2%

July 16, 2026

by Charles Najjar with No Comment Assets Behavioral Sentiment Central Banks Charles Najjar Economy Exclusive Content Featured Highlights Federal Reserve, Interest Rates Financial Institutions Forex Investing Risk Management Uncategorized

Fighting Inflation with Higher Interest Rates is Totally Counterproductive

For nearly a century, central banks have relied on one dominant prescription to fight inflation: raise interest rates. The theory is straightforward. Higher borrowing costs discourage spending and investment, reducing demand and eventually slowing price increases.

While this approach may have worked reasonably well in the past, today’s economy is fundamentally different. Applying the same monetary formula developed in the past century by Irving Fisher is obviously creating more problems than it solves. In many cases, raising interest rates has become a counterproductive way to fight inflation.

The first and most obvious consequence is the impact on government finances. As interest rates rise, the U.S. Treasury must refinance its enormous public debt at increasingly expensive rates. The result is an explosion in annual interest payments, which now exceed $1 trillion. Those payments are in fact a direct injection of additional liquidity into the economy while simultaneously widening the federal deficit.

U.S 10-Y Treasury Yields Five Year Chart as of 16th of July 2026

Ironically, a policy designed to reduce inflation is contributing to larger government spending through higher debt-servicing costs. Instead of easing inflationary pressures, excessively high interest rates may actually reinforce them through this fiscal channel.

Consumers also bear a heavy burden. Modern households depend far more on credit than previous generations. Credit cards, auto loans, and consumer financing have become an integral part of everyday life. When the Federal Reserve raises interest rates, millions of Americans see the interest on their credit card balances climb to 20% or more.

Many families attribute their declining purchasing power entirely to inflation, when in reality a significant portion of the financial pressure comes from soaring interest payments.

Businesses suffer as well. Higher interest rates increase the cost of financing, while the same capital could be dedicated to investment, expansion, innovation, and research. Every additional dollar spent on interest is a dollar that cannot be invested in productive activity.

A recent example is SpaceX, which issued debt carrying a yield of approximately 6.65%. Given the company’s negative cash flow, investors naturally require a risk premium. However, if the Federal Reserve’s policy rate were closer to 2% rather than current levels, the company’s borrowing costs would be at least half their current level. The extra interest payments would instead be directed toward research, development, hiring, that would strengthen long-term economic growth.

In the current race for AI, that requires heavy investments, the Fed should lower the financing burden on U.S companies. Every additional percentage point of interest represents billions of dollars transferred from productive investment to debt servicing. Money that could finance AI chips, data centers, engineers, research laboratories or new factories instead goes to creditors.

The U.S cannot simultaneously declare China its principal strategic competitor while maintaining a monetary policy that systematically makes capital more expensive for American businesses than for their Chinese rivals, that benefit from much lower rates. The Fed may intend to fight inflation, but it is also making it more costly for American companies to invest in the industries that will determine economic leadership over the decade. The Fed may believe it is fighting inflation, but it is simultaneously increasing the cost of winning the AI race.

Perhaps the greatest weakness of relying on high interest rates is that much of today’s inflation originates from supply-side shocks that monetary policy simply cannot fix.

How does raising interest rates reduce the price of oil when energy prices are driven by geopolitical tensions such as the war with Iran?

How does raising interest rates lower egg prices when shortages stem from productivity issues in the poultry industry?

How does raising interest rates lower the prices of wheat, corn, or cocoa when inflation is due to droughts, floods, or other climate-related events?

How does it reduce insurance premiums that are rising because natural disasters have become more frequent and more costly?

In each of these cases, higher interest rates are totally inefficient to address the underlying cause of inflation. Instead, they merely increase financing costs across the economy while leaving supply constraints largely unchanged.

A more effective strategy would be to fight inflation where it actually originates. Governments possess fiscal tools that can be deployed with much greater precision than broad monetary tightening. Temporary subsidies, targeted tax relief, incentives for increased production, strategic investment in critical industries, and, in exceptional circumstances, carefully designed price controls can address specific inflationary pressures without unnecessarily slowing the entire economy.

For example, if geopolitical tensions cause oil prices to spike, temporarily subsidizing fuel or reducing fuel taxes is likely to be a far more direct and effective response than raising interest rates across the entire economy. Similarly, boosting domestic agricultural production is a better solution to food inflation than making mortgages, business loans, and credit cards more expensive.

The Fed should therefore focus on reducing the financing burden on both the federal government and the private sector. Maintaining interest rates closer to 2% would significantly lower debt-servicing costs, support productive investment, and allow fiscal authorities to intervene more effectively with targeted measures when inflation arises from specific sectors.

The doctrine of fighting inflation through higher interest rates was developed by Irving Fisher nearly a century ago, in an era with very different financial institutions, consumer behavior, and sources of inflation. Credit cards did not exist. Household debt was far lower. Global supply chains, geopolitical energy shocks, and climate-related disruptions were not defining features of inflation.

The modern economy requires modern solutions. Rather than relying almost exclusively on higher interest rates, policymakers should recognize that today’s inflation often demands targeted fiscal responses. Persisting with an outdated monetary framework risks imposing unnecessary costs on governments, businesses, and households while failing to address the real drivers of rising prices.

Supporters of high interest rates often argue that they are unavoidable whenever inflation rises. Yet international experience suggests otherwise.

Switzerland has repeatedly maintained policy interest rates close to 1%, or even below zero in previous years, despite being exposed to many of the same global shocks affecting other economies. Switzerland imports energy, is affected by fluctuations in oil prices, and faces the same geopolitical uncertainties. Yet the Swiss National Bank has generally preferred to tolerate modest inflation rather than impose unnecessarily high financing costs on households, businesses, and the government.

This illustrates an important principle: not every inflation shock requires an aggressive monetary response. When inflation is primarily imported through energy prices or supply-chain disruptions, forcing the entire economy to pay dramatically higher borrowing costs creates more economic damage than the inflation itself.

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S&P 500: Short-Term Caution and Long-Term Ambitions

July 13, 2026

by Robert Petrucci with No Comment AMT Markets Assets Behavioral Sentiment Corporate Equities Featured Highlights Federal Reserve, Interest Rates Financial Institutions Investing Major Global Equity Indices Risk Management Speculators Uncategorized

Speculative Opportunities Do Not Promise Immediate Profits as Cautious Outlooks Stir

The S&P went into this past weekend with slight gains made on Friday, but essentially finished where last week began. In early morning trading via the futures market the index has seen a slight decline. Retail short-term traders may decide that offers the potential to sit on the sidelines and watch what may be rather choppy conditions, this if they decide not to pursue.

Global markets including stock indices like the Nikkei and broad Forex have shown more discomfort early today. Short-term concerns and mid-term viewpoints are colliding and making momentum hard to sustain. The S&P 500 remains within its elevated realm, but there is a rather unpleasant taste many speculators have had to endure since the end of May, particularly if trading ambitions have been limited to near-term pursuits.

S&P 500 Futures Six Month Chart as of 13th July 2026

There will be a crowd of people at summer parties (or winter outings depending on which side of the equator you are on) discussing the gains made in the S&P 500 (and Nasdaq 100) since the end of March who will be quite keen to brag about their insights. However these same people have likely made their money via pension funds, mutual funds and other long-term endeavors guided by institutions managing their money. Because most short and near-term retail traders have likely been savaged by the results in the marketplace the past handful of months.

Trading within the current markets conditions for those who have smaller accounts and are relying on leverage to create profits have likely been bled dry of their funds if they have not used proper risk management. It is one thing to want to make a thousand dollars a week in the markets as a retail trader and quite another to actually accomplish the task.

Indices the past handful of months have been a churning machine in which volumes stir and create attractive chatter, but also deceive folks into believing they can win easily. The only folks winning consistently right now are brokers handling their clients’ retail accounts.

This doesn’t mean you have to stop and give up as a retail trader, but it should serve as a warning that not being overly ambitious and remaining patient are keys when trying to beat the markets. And again, let’s remember the average retail trader has about a 90% chance of failing when trying to speculate.

The S&P 500 did hit a record height in early June around the 7,620.00 vicinity. Its current values are well within sight of those highs too. Yet, headwinds continue to be seen via trading results intraday as financial institutions deal with wavering behavioral sentiment complicated by a myriad of concerns.

Yes, there will always be concerns in the marketplace, risk and reward are often compared to the potential of loss. If you are placing a bet in the markets that you believe can garner a thousand-fold profit, it is likely you are also risking a thousand-fold loss. And unfortunately the marketplace, nor your broker is going to lose sleep over your inability to understand what risks you are undertaking. You will hear that you have learned a tough lesson and the experience will help you become a better trader next time around by your broker, this as they offer you another opportunity to enter the markets on their platforms, but it still doesn’t guarantee you anything.

The rumblings from the Middle East continues to mitigate sentiment in the global markets. As of this writing WTI Crude Oil is around $73.70. If military conflict between the U.S and Iran continues to incrementally escalate, perhaps experienced players will be able to handle the noise and worries regarding higher energy costs and threats of inflation.

Equity indices are also running into problems caused by a realization that the costs of investing into companies working in the AI realm are now having to deal with rising costs, this as revenues do not meet expectations, and a lack of adequate physical resources to fuel growth in the sector are raised as concerns. And it is not a stretch to say the AI sector has helped drive more than a handful of equity indices higher. A legitimate fear regarding a downturn in AI related stocks and a possible knock-on effect is a sobering reminder that bullish trends do not last forever.

And then there is the shadow that is overhangs the Federal Reserve and interest rate calisthenics being worked out by analysts who are trying to convince others (and themselves) that their outlooks are correct.

Yet, we return thankfully to a simple notion and question, one that has very little to do with economics that are taught in university classrooms – are there enough buyers in the marketplace to sustain the upwards trend in the S&P 500? The answer doesn’t have much to do with fundamentals, and often is driven by pure sentiment. Pushing aside day to day travails, wagering on long-term upside remains almost the only wager that can be made. Sure, you can bet on downside; you can short stocks, buy put options that look for lower markets. However, matching negative outlooks with the correct timeframe is just as hard as it is to bet on positive momentum. For the time being it is easy to say the near-term remains murky for day traders. It is harder to predict actual direction

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India Insider: Foreign Investors and Their Selective Choices

July 8, 2026

by Ben Ezra with No Comment Assets Behavioral Sentiment Ben Ezra Business Commodities Economy Equities Exclusive Content Featured Highlights India Investing Major Global Equity Indices Uncategorized World

Return of Global Investors into the Indian Marketplace

Global investors are gradually returning to Indian assets after months of persistent outflows as risk appetite sentiment has been ignited by an extended ceasefire between the U.S and Iran. Energy prices have moved in India’s favor, sparking favorable conditions.

Despite recent flare ups in the Strait of Hormuz, Brent Crude has dropped about 30% in the past quarter, easing India’s fuel concerns as the world’s third largest Crude Oil buyer. AI trade rotation is gathering pace in Asia also, this as investors pull money from chipmakers that powered this year’s rally and hunt for cheaper ways to deploy their cash.

NIFTY 50 One Year Chart as of 8th of July 2026

Indian equities beat its emerging markets peers in June by its biggest margin in seven months. The Reserve Bank of India’s measures to attract foreign currency deposits and overseas capital have eased funding concerns for lenders, record foreign inflows into government bonds have helped stabilize the Rupee and improve liquidity conditions. According to Bloomberg, “Goldman Sachs favors 30-Year government bonds as lower oil prices allay inflation and fiscal risks”.

Combined with resilient credit growth and improving asset quality, India’s banking sector is once again attracting global investors, this after trading at meaningful discounts to historical valuations for quite a while.

Second Opportunity May Be Information Technology

Indian IT companies have undergone a sharp valuation correction over the past two years. Unlike the post pandemic period, when large Indian technology firms traded at substantial premiums to global peers such as Accenture. These premiums have now narrowed considerably after earnings growth slowed, and enthusiasm surrounding Artificial Intelligence shifted investor attention towards US technology companies.

As highlighted in Business Line magazine, the sector is undergoing a healthy valuation reset, with investors increasingly questioning whether premium valuations remain justified without a corresponding acceleration in earnings growth.

However, the discussion extends beyond valuations. Artificial Intelligence is fundamentally reshaping the enterprise software industry. For decades, Software as a Service (SaaS) companies dominated enterprise technology by offering standardized cloud based solutions that were cheaper and easier than developing software in-house. That advantage is now beginning to erode.

Large AI companies such as OpenAI and Anthropic are building AI agents capable of operating across multiple enterprise applications through a single conversational interface. Rather than competing within individual software categories, these horizontal AI platforms could reduce the importance of stand alone enterprise applications by seamlessly connecting them. At the same time, AI native startups are targeting specialized business functions, while advances in generative AI are encouraging enterprises to revisit the traditional ‘build versus buy’ decision as they develop customized software internally at significantly lower costs.

For Indian IT services companies, this represents both a disruption and a new opportunity. Routine application development and maintenance may become increasingly automated, placing pressure on traditional outsourcing revenues. Yet demand for AI integration, cloud migration, cybersecurity, enterprise transformation, and customised AI deployment is likely to create an entirely new investment cycle. The winners will be firms that evolve from conventional software service providers into strategic AI implementation partners.

Risks ahead for Indian Markets

The near term outlook is not without risks for India. A weak monsoon could push food inflation higher. Elevated Crude Oil prices may widen India’s external balances. And a stronger USD with elevated U.S interest rate yields could moderate foreign capital inflows. The technology sector also faces a structural challenge as Artificial Intelligence reshapes the traditional software business model, requiring companies to adapt more quickly than in previous technology cycles.

Even so, the broader macro backdrop appears to be improving. Policy measures have eased liquidity conditions, corporate balance sheets remain healthy, and valuations across several sectors have become considerably more attractive after an extended correction. Rather than chasing expensive momentum trades elsewhere in emerging markets, global investors may increasingly look toward Indian sectors where fundamentals are strengthening while expectations remain relatively subdued.

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Benefits of a Moderate Restoration While Threats of Growing Fissures are Heard

July 7, 2026

by Robert Petrucci with No Comment Assets Behavioral Sentiment Business Equities Featured Highlights Financial Institutions Investing Major Global Equity Indices Uncategorized World

Sentiment: Financial Institutions and November Outlook Amidst Possible Gridlock

The Nasdaq 100 is clearly being driven by behavioral sentiment at this time. Few investors are paying attention to corporate data, instead many financial institutions are wagering on mid-term outlooks driven by a combination of algorithmic led coding mixed with wishful thinking and hoping they are not washed out to sea by dangerous tidal pools they know are out of their control.

On the 3^rd of November 2026, the U.S mid-term elections will largely be held. President Trump’s hold on the House of Representatives looks as if it may come undone as a result of the coming vote if the Democrats take control as some polling suggests.

Perhaps that is exactly what investors are hoping for because historically when there is a divided Congress legislatively, stock market indices actually tend to gain. The reason for this is largely because a paralyzed Congress often finds it hard to pass measures which can hinder corporations and investors, because regulatory mandates are difficult to pass.

Nasdaq 100 Six Month Chart as of 7th of July 2026

If the Democrats win the House and President Trump is able to retain a Republican led Senate, this will lead to a deadlocked Congress which will make it hard to get work much done. Resulting in what may become one of the more memorable lame-duck Presidency’s of our time, one in which both sides of the U.S Congress openly disagrees with Trump’s ego driven rhetoric and instead turns to the backing of voters from their constituent state’s as a way to amplify their own policies.

While the Republicans appear potentially vulnerable in the November elections, the Democrats have problems of their own. An open fissure has been displayed as Socialists inspired candidates have won primaries in a handful of Democratic led Congressional districts and appear ready to splinter their political party regarding direction. What does any of this have to do with the economy and markets?

Perhaps this is exactly what crowds of investors in global markets, including Wall Street wants to happen at this point. Politicians forced to retreat to return their homes and become less vocal publicly may be a welcome remedy. Folks are starting to tire of political rabble, a crowded intersection of gridlock may be welcome at this point.

Unknowns: A Source of Concern for Investors

While it is certainly within the arsenal of the Trump Presidency to try and issue executive orders to try and get policies approved and acted upon. A split Congress, one in which Republicans can openly disagree with the White House without the fear of a political backlash may cause ruptures and positive outcomes for the GOP, if President Trump is weakened after the mid-term elections this November.

Democrats, particularly if they clash internally on their pronounced policies and have to spend more time trying to put out their own progressive internal fires may have to realign their thinking and walk more moderate lines. Activists on both sides of the political aisles may have to lessen their banter following election outcomes if they believe their voting public wants less noise.

A lame-duck President, could equate into a deadlocked Congress and debates simmering within each party which produce more moderate stances. However, if nothing is settled in November of this year this may lead to betrayals and revenge politically and potentially new leadership emerging which could be even more cynical, ignorant and insistent on false narratives.

Intriguingly, Wall Street will not be bothered by a deadlocked Congress and President who suddenly is limited by eroding power. In fact the conditions of withered post-revolutionary zeal and a slumber which could develop may allow corporations and investors to move freely about the ruptured political landscape with more liberty amidst the chaos. Investors will react to the sentiment that Washington D.C produces. A calm is wanted.

Within the ashes of Republican and Democratic turmoil a reconciliation may actually be able to take place. The question is if a restoration of moderate power will be finally be seen. Wall Street and most global investors would like a return of the centrists. No one is going to agree 100% of the time on policy, but a reality of transparent government without corruption would be a good start, one that many people actually would agree upon.

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What Am I Missing About USD Centric Strength?

July 1, 2026

by Robert Petrucci with No Comment Behavioral Sentiment Central Banks Economy Equities Featured Highlights Forex Investing Risk Analysis Speculators Uncategorized

Being Wrong About USD Direction and Betting Against the Trend

Help me out here folks, I am perplexed. I seem to be missing something about the USD centric strength, it looks very overbought to me. Where is all the buying sentiment coming from? The FOMC meeting outcome on the 17^th of June has certainly sparked USD centric buying stamina as financial institutions seem to have fallen into a strict line and priced in a Federal Reserve interest rate hike this year.

However, the price of WTI Crude Oil was near $80.00 on the 17^th of June. And on the 3^rd of June the price of WTI Crude Oil was within sight of $100.00. Meaning that we have seen the price of energy trend lower. The agreement between the U.S and Iran, although fragile, has held and the current price of WTI Crude Oil is close to $69.70.

WTI Crude Oil One Month Chart as of 1st July 2026

While concerns about inflation certainly remain, costs should actually start to erode for logistics, fertilizers for agriculture, and manufacturing. Job numbers are solid, growth has been rather steady and shown signs of improvement. If inflation starts to behave and financial institutions change their thinking about interest rates to come, perhaps they will ease off on their borrowing costs.

Also, let’s note that as expected the new Fed Chairman Kevin Warsh has made it clear he will take a more proactive stance regarding interest rates. Evidence for this comes via Warsh’s decision not to participate in the dot forecast that FOMC members use, his absence from the Fed’s ‘prediction market’ game was notable, but many analysts seem to have missed the importance.

In my opinion, Warsh’s decision not to participate in the Fed’s dot plot quarterly signal chart shows the new Chairman wants to create the capability of changing his mind regarding the Federal Funds Rate as needed. The decision not to ‘anonymously’ show what his beliefs are looking forward will allow him to steer the Federal Reserve per forward looking economic data points instead of being held accountable – and possibly blamed – for changing his mind if a shift of opinion is needed.

So again, why is the USD so strong across the Forex board? The USD/JPY is trading well above 162.660+, the EUR/USD is near 1.13900, the GBP/USD around 1.13247 and the USD/SGD is sustaining value at mid-term highs close to 1.29660. While financial institutions appear to have priced in an interest rate, and may also be nervous about volatility in U.S equity indices, the cautious approach has created in my opinion an overbought USD.

As the Independence Day holiday approaches, Forex traders should be careful. If ever there was a time for the Bank of Japan to intervene and cause chaos it might be when USD Forex volume is minimal. Large USD traders may start vanishing in the coming days before the long holiday weekend, and the absence of U.S banks this coming Monday will also factor into the markets.

Selling the USD looks like a speculative bet certainly, particularly because its trend has proven rather strong the past few weeks. Let’s see what happens, but I suspect some downside pressure via USD centric price action is going to be generated.

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Nvidia Suffering From the AI Cold Bothering Investors and Speculators

June 30, 2026

by Robert Petrucci with No Comment Assets Behavioral Sentiment Commodities Economy Equities Exclusive Content Featured Highlights Investing Risk Management Robert Petrucci Speculators Uncategorized

AI: Exuberance and Threats of Fatigue

Has Nvidia now been oversold? While the Nasdaq 100 produces a casino like experience for day traders and large players, the velocity of value changes in the index should serve as a simple reminder that before stepping into traffic a speculator needs to acknowledge the road. A large collision is taking place before our eyes and it will generate more noise over the coming months.

Nvidia is a solid indicator of behavioral sentiment being influenced by a mix of optimism and fears by speculators and investors competing, and trying to define terrain as turmoil swirls and a battle for profits rage. Day traders need to remember a lot of hyperbole is amplified to get eyeballs on opinions, hoping that your attention is grabbed. (Please buy me a cup of coffee has become a begging mantra).

Nvidia One Year Chart as of 30th June 2026

Nvidia finished yesterday’s trading near $195.00, this after touching highs in May around the $238.00 vicinity. The fact that NVDA has lost a large chunk of its value indicates sentiment is not entirely rational. There is a vast difference between speculative hopes compared to long-term investing.

Results in the stock markets do show symptoms of overbought conditions prevail, but over indulgent fears are taking hold as folks try to interpret every move in a haphazard manner and make correlations which often have no evidence. Nvidia is a solid company which will continue to produce product lines that will be needed long-term. Talk of Nvidia suffering from an AI cold is relevant because it has certainly lost value, but the patient is going to survive.

Others however may not. AI companies and their proclamations about being able to deliver substantial change for users has become tiresome. Supply of software is widespread. While there is demand for use, competitors are abundant and growing daily. Users can now question just how reliable and strong the products they are using are, and if promises meet the results wanted. Costs users are paying for services will also become more critical. If products don’t meet needs, other AI systems can be easily installed nowadays.

Oversupply is Saturating the Marketplace

Because AI tools are widespread it means users will demand services get cheaper. At some point it is clear that consumers will gravitate to competitive pricing, because at the end of the day there is only a certain amount of time to verify all the products in the marketplace and understand what works best. Branding as always is important, but so is quality. Loyalty in the AI world is only a couple of years old and cannot be counted on, some early companies are already seen as legacies and allegiances will shift.

Competitors and new ideas continue to be brought forth quickly. A lot of product is being rushed to the market that lacks proper Q&A and actually does not deliver what is promised. Proof of concept is fluid with Artificial Intelligence, along with many claims of superiority. A company can get a product into consumers hands first, but at some point value has to be delivered too.

Investors are growing wary from too many claims. Yes, a revolution has taken place, but a counter-revolution is certainly coming. A lot of AI products are simply poor. Day traders have seen chaotic results on the Nasdaq 100 over the past year.

President Trump, tariffs, the war in Iran, Federal Reserve and interest rate uncertainty, fear of inflation (all headlines from only the past few weeks) and other complexities can be blamed for volatility as folks wager on values on the Nasdaq 100. However, the prime mover of the index has not only been investing by long-term players, it has come from speculation chasing momentum via the Artificial Intelligence boom. However, a genuine concern that a fear of missing out is turning into fatigue exists.

AI because of its abundance is going to eliminate competing systems which are seen as cumbersome and expensive. Chinese companies appear ready to confront American enterprises with cheaper products that consumers may not mind paying less for even if this means consumers are sharing intellectual property and data with unknown entities.

Sakana AI from Japan has announced and shown the past couple of weeks that it has software, Sakana Fugu, that is comparable in a favorable manner to Anthropic and Claude services. Sakana testers claim their system is robust and offers a multi-integrated modeling system, meaning a user doesn’t have to toggle in and out of models to deliver efficient information. The data via Sakana’s system is brought together via coordinated agent forces for the user. What will this do to valuation of Anthropic moving forward?

There is also a South Korean company called Furiosa, which is not public yet, that stands in the shadows and makes outstanding AI infrastructure. Furiosa appears ready to become an important player in chips and software innovation. Nvidia is certainly keeping their eyes on Furiosa. Meta offered Furiosa 800 million USD and was rejected in March 2025.

Investors and speculators should not discount the potential of an AI tech dump from global competitors into the U.S and elsewhere developing over the next year. Mobile phones became a rather boring commodity after their initial entry astonished first time users two decades ago, AI will undergo the same pathway.

Some AI companies will certainly struggle over the next few years, but other enterprises will succeed merrily and profit. There is a big difference between investing and speculating. Even mid-term forays into the stock markets remain only gambles if a person plans on cashing out profits when they have hit a price target, instead of long-term ambitions to own shares in a quality company.

Nasdaq100 bubble talk which has recently reignited in a loud manner should be given attention but astutely. It is hard to argue that the value of the indices like the Nasdaq 100 and S&P 500 are not in over-inflated territory. Looking at historical p/e ratios seems to have gone out of fashion. Warren Buffet cannot be thrilled and his fundamental strategies should not be ignored. Speculative hype needs to be confronted by investment reality. Folks will continue talking themselves into stances that are comfortable, even if they make little sense. The markets will certainly survive and so will AI.

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India Insider: Systematic Investment Plan Boom

June 26, 2026

by Ben Ezra with No Comment Assets Behavioral Sentiment Ben Ezra Corporate Economy Exclusive Content Featured Highlights Financial Institutions India Investing Uncategorized World

Liquidity, Valuations and the Limits of Domestic Capital

India’s equity market has surprised many investors over the past two years. Despite persistent foreign institutional investor selling, weak net foreign direct investment (FDI), subdued private capital expenditures and a depreciating Rupee, the broader markets have not fallen and proven remarkably resilient. But risks abound.

Many observers point to the rapid growth of Systematic Investment Plans (SIPs), which millions of retail investors invest regularly via mutual funds in India. Monthly SIP inflows into the Indian equity market has reached record highs at the tune of 32,087 Crore Rupees ($3.38 billion USD) in March, 2026 per AMFI (Association of Mutual Funds India) data.

Nifty 50 Five Year Chart as of 26th June 2026

Before COVID-19, the stock market industry in India was a boring business. Accounts were opened via paperwork, and demat (the account in which the digital shares were held) in a bureaucratic manner with multiple paperwork requirements. Clients who liked to participate in the Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) had to go to their broker or issue a cheque to participate in the bidding process. As of 2019, the total demat accounts in India stood at 40 million. Sophisticated retail investors would go to their local branches of associated brokers and trade stocks, derivatives or commodities. They sometimes would use telephone or online orders.

All this changed during the Covid-19 pandemic, when equity market valuations became depressed and people were forced to stay at home. This ushered a wave of new retail traders who had time to master the game and wanted to capitalize on the falling valuations of many companies and take advantage of opportunities they believed in. Astonishingly, demat accounts opened between 2020-2026 totaled around 180 million, almost quadrupling pre-Covid levels. Due to digital penetration and the rise of discount brokers, young retail traders were able to quickly allocate substantial portions of their monthly income into SIPs.

SIPS have strengthened the financial market resilience of India, compared to the previous decade when it was the domestic institutional investors who helped market stability. Yet concerns are now arising whether domestic household savings are supporting fundamentally stronger companies, or are creating systematic inflows which help tenuous companies to have higher valuations?

For instance, a famous financial markets journalist recently argued that India’s SIP boom has fueled expensive stocks. Thus, enabling insiders and institutions to exit at favorable prices, reduced future return potential, has weakened the Rupee, and exposed the limitations of crowd-driven investing.

As the AMT India Insider columnist, I decided to investigate these considerations and talked with some people in the financial markets who offered different perspectives regarding the issue.

Mr. Mahalingam, an IIM alumnus noted, “it is difficult to generalize like that. Total SIP inflows should be viewed relative to the total market capitalization of listed companies, not in absolute terms. If the Nifty delivers around 12% returns, it roughly doubles every six years. SIP inflows must also increase over time, simply to purchase the same proportion of shares.”

Arguably, the SIP flows into the Nifty Index some 15 years back are not comparable to today. Considering the higher capitalization of Nifty listed companies (which means greater share values), and given the Nifty index has delivered 12% returns in the last few years, and that it took 6 years for it to double at this rate, it’s important that investors look at higher share prices values arising out of company earnings while considering their investment decisions.

Mr. Prasath, who taught economics and finance to students during his tenure at a private educational institution, argues, “I think there are many dimensions. In stock markets, everything comes down to valuations, the continuous SIP flows may diminish future returns if the earnings don’t grow. But comparing SIP flow with 2005 numbers exaggerates the issue. The Indian economy has grown bigger since 2005 and naturally inflows will also grow accordingly. India has one of the lowest public participation in the capital markets, even with current SIP numbers.”

Mr. Prasath continued, “currently the world is going through turbulent times with the Russia-Ukraine war, the Trump Presidency including tariff actions, the Iran situation and energy crisis, and supply chain disruptions, etc., which are effecting economic growth. The Indian government is also not taking some required steps. Indian companies also have low R&D and failed to participate in emerging themes like AI and semiconductor development. These turbulent times will continue for awhile and Indian markets will underperform its peers. So we have to wait for better times or for world leaders to come to their senses. I think we have to remain both optimistic/realistic and plan our investments accordingly”

If India grows at 7.7% during the 2025-2026 annual year, and foreign capital (especially foreign portfolio investment) is leaving, while private capital expenditures are weak and government capital expenditures are increasing, then what’s the point of higher stock prices for many of these companies? Is it due to steady retail SIP inflows? Does it really help institutions and insiders to cash out, and make retail investors vulnerable? Foreign investors have sold $29 billion USD worth of equities so far this year, and the Rupee has taken a hit, yet we have not see drastic changes in companies’ share or indices values.

In 2022, when the U.S Federal Reserve was raising interest rates, the Nifty 50 Index lost around 3000 points, but this did not happen in 2026. The SIP retail crowd and domestic institutional investors have absorbed the foreign investors’ outflows and provided a cushion for share prices.

Even if some people in the financial markets argue that the foreign investors’ selloff off did not result in poor corporate performance or themes becoming weak, given that the growing market capitalization and the past earnings has justified the higher share prices, it’s significant to note that the Net FDI remains weak. Indian and foreign corporations are repatriating cash at a faster pace, and capital is flowing out of India. That’s ironically what hit the Rupee this year, along with higher oil prices due to the Iran war. In my opinion, private capital expenditures of listed corporations has to grow to justify higher earnings multiples.

Kotak Mahindra Bank director Paritosh Kashyap, while talking to Business Line said that private capital expenditures in India has been subdued for the last 10 years. Higher interest rates, expensive oil and lower equity valuations has dampened sentiment. India’s government Capex (capital expenditure strategy) remains the primary driver.

To summarize and conclude, weak foreign direct investment, subdued private investment, and inflated valuations of Indian assets along with a lack of AI related development is a large underlying issue and concern. For foreign investors to return with greater force again into Indian equities, either the Rupee has to depreciate or equity prices have to decline to generate investor confidence and create an appealing landscape. Retail investors may soon have to face drawdowns in their portfolios as returns dwindle and headwinds move against them.0

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Forex and the Fed Chair: Kevin Warsh in the Spotlight Later Today

June 17, 2026

by Robert Petrucci with No Comment Assets Behavioral Sentiment Central Banks Commodities Economy Equities Exclusive Content Featured Highlights Forex Investing Major Global Equity Indices Risk Management Robert Petrucci Speculators Uncategorized

New Federal Reserve Chairman will Cause a Reaction in Forex Today

I offer readers a ‘what if’ proposition ahead. These are my opinions and I am simply trying to give my perspective on what may happen in the Forex market in the coming hours.

The Fed Press Conference later today will be must watch television for Forex traders, including retail speculators, large players and financial institutions. Federal Reserve Chairman Kevin Warsh will make his first appearance after a FOMC rate decision. Dynamic conditions in the broad Forex market should be anticipated – that doesn’t tell day traders much I know, keep reading, please.

U.S inflation has sparked higher this as energy prices have ignited upwards and caused logistics, manufacturing and agriculture to become more expensive. The Bank of Japan raised its interest rate by a quarter of a point yesterday to 1.00%. However, these two bits of evidence doesn’t mean the Federal Reserve will increase its interest rate today.

The U.S Dollar Index is trading near relative highs. The broad FX market is certainly cautious, but financial institutions may be leaning into the notion of USD centric weakness. Yes, the USD/JPY remains above 160.000+ for the moment, but the USD/SGD is flirting with its lower range and came within sight of the 1.28000 mark on Monday. So why is this important? Because folks are acting cautious before a potential storm.

U.S Dollar Index Six Month Chart as of 17th of June, 2026

Perhaps this will go down as an infamous egg on the face situation for me personally, but does Fed Chair Kevin Warsh really want to raise interest rates during his first FOMC meeting at the helm? Yes, Jerome Powell is still around as a voting Governor, but Warsh may find he has enough votes (and influence) to get a majority of other FOMC voting members to allow today’s decision to be a test case in favor of patience.

If the Fed holds the Fed Funds Rate in place and announces it will use the near and mid-term as a trial period regarding their belief inflation will lessen, because it believes energy prices over the mid-term will erode rapidly, that may be enough to cause USD centric selling later today. The Fed will not use the word transitory I suspect, but an argument can certainly be made that now is the time to actually elucidate on the subject of transitory inflation.

Monday’s trading in the broad Forex markets showed that financial institutions bought into the optimism of an anticipated U.S and Iranian agreement and what it could deliver – a glut of Crude Oil, including lower costs for its ancillary products. Financial institutions were also relieved that U.S equity markets survived the launch of the SpaceX IPO certainly. While yesterday’s broad market trading turned cautious and demonstrated sideways action in Forex, many major currencies are traversing near curious values. Equities also went sideways for the most part on Tuesday.

The U.S Dollar Index is swimming within its higher terrain via a six month chart (per a look above), yet financial institutions – if they hear dovish sentiment from the new Fed Chair today could spring into action and sell the USD quickly. Day traders need to understand even if this occurs that it will still be ultra-dangerous to bet ahead of the Fed rate announcement and Press Conference. This because volatility leading up to and following the FOMC Federal Funds Rate decision will create large spreads in Forex and choppiness that small retail accounts cannot handle most of the time – particularly when too much leverage creates wildfires.

While the before and after of the Fed interest rate announcement will garner the headline news, and create a reaction on Wall Street for the S&P 500 and Nasdaq 100 immediately; it will be wise to pay attention to Fed Chairman Kevin Warsh a half hour later when he steps into the spotlight for the first time. There has been chatter that Warsh is not keen on trying to give too many signals regarding the Fed’s thinking regarding every move it is contemplating.

This coincides with thoughts that Kevin Warsh and Scott Bessent believe in a more high-tech and pro-active approach to interest rate and monetary policy based on forward looking data. The consideration of a more dynamic approach to interest rates has not been widely considered by financial institutions quite yet. If the new Fed Chair surprises reporters and onlookers at the Press Conference today with a new philosophy on the way the Fed will work, this will set the stage for potentially large behavioral sentiment shifts that were not wagered on quite yet. In other words mid-term outlooks regarding U.S interest rate policy may change in a handful of hours more than many people think.

Maybe I am wrong, maybe I am interpreting the political and financial landscape incorrectly, but these are my thoughts as a risk analyst – one who thinks the U.S White House would not mind seeing a weaker USD, a Fed that likely wants a different approach to interest rates – as they both hope for energy prices to lower (and may get their wishes fulfilled).

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AMT Top Ten Miscellaneous Meditations for the 16th of June

June 16, 2026

by Staff with No Comment AMT Top Ten Assets Basketball Behavioral Sentiment Commodities Economy Equities Featured Highlights Major Global Equity Indices Risk Management Speculators Uncategorized World

Memorandum of Misunderstanding, the SPCX Rocket, the Knicks and Brazil as Jazz Plays in the Background

10. Legacy: Sonny Rollins passed away on the 25th of May at the age of 95. Rollins was a master jazz musician and saxophonist who will be listened to forever. His sound, cadence and imaginative ability to create while playing with bands, and often lead via his unique style make him an everlasting legend. If you haven’t listened to Sonny Rollins start out with his song St. Thomas via Saxophone Colossus.

AMT Top 10 Miscellaneous Meditations for the 16th of June, 2026

9. Surreal: The New York Knicks won their first NBA Championship in 53 years. Some Brazilian football fans returning to their hotels after their team’s 1-1 draw versus Morocco in their Group Stage World Cup match in New Jersey had to walk through throngs of Knick fans celebrating on the streets of Manhattan in bizarre looking circumstances as they worried about their national team. Walt Frazier and Pele both wore Puma and met in the 70’s.

8. Strategy: Michael Saylor continues to claim the wet and cold Bitcoin wind blowing back in investors’ faces is a refreshing mist that will invigorate the HODL crowd eventually. In the meantime MSTR is near $131.00 and BTC/USD around $66,300.00. Saylor sees Bitcoin above 1 million eventually and beyond, while some others see headwinds and more losses developing.

7. Bleeding Money: Political mismanagement shadows Chicago which appears ready to lose the Bears football team via a new stadium across state lines in Hammond, Indiana, this as team officials and ill-equipped Illinois leaders argue about property taxes and other business considerations (and maybe kickbacks). NYC is hurting for funds too, this as important companies make plans to place their corporate headquarters and employees elsewhere and avoid Mayor Mamdani’s nonsense. Apollo Global Management is the latest to decide to venture forth into Texas and make its New York presence less important.

6. Commodities: Gold is near $4,330.00 this morning, Silver around $70.00 and WTI Crude Oil close to $78.00 via futures pricing.

5. Nasdaq 100: The index finished 3.06% higher yesterday and at a value of 30,543.92 per last night’s close. The Nasdaq 100 has been delivering a wild ride for speculators and investors. The index saw all-time highs in early June when it went above the 30,700.00 level. The S&P 500 concluded Monday’s trading at 7,554.28 and up by 1.65%, the index’s high was also in early June when it went above 7,600.00. For all the talk of doom and gloom over the past week and a half with fears about a sustained run downwards in the U.S indices, they are showing upwards momentum for now.

4. BoJ: The USD/JPY remains within sight of the 160.000+ mark consistently. While other major currencies have gained a bit the past few days against the USD, the Japanese Yen remains sticky near its highs as the Bank of Japan is likely watching speculators wager on the higher realm. FX traders need to remember that the BoJ may act when it feels it has enough clarity regarding the Iran saga and inflation concerns. In other words, a warning shot may come soon threatening an intervention. Buyers beware.

3. SpaceX: Is it a bird or a plane? No, its a 2.1 trillion market cap valuation via a rocket like IPO on the Nasdaq 100. While some may want to bet against Elon Musk early, those type of decisions have proven costly mistakes for some short sellers in the past when dealing with Musk and Tesla. Some may argue for value of $115.00 and less per each SPCX share, but it might prove unwise to step in front of the upward trend for the moment. Case in point, Tesla is near $411.00 per share and causing chagrin within certain crowds as they point to weakening sales, but only see the company do better in value. Oh, and SpaceX ended Monday’s trading at $192.50.

2. Fed: Kevin Warsh leads the FOMC Committee as the Chairman for the first time as the Federal Funds Rate decision awaits this Wednesday. Some think the Fed will increase the interest rate by 0.25%, AMT does not based on the opinion Chairman Warsh likely wants to start off his job on friendly terms with the White House and Treasury, while also counting (hoping) on cheaper energy prices.

1. MoU: The Iran conflict awaits a signed agreement. The terms of the Memorandum of Understanding are being whispered, but transparency has not been delivered and won’t be until Friday supposedly when the U.S and Iran attend a ceremony in Switzerland. While financial institutions and global markets are ready to turn the page and engage in optimistic outlooks, it remains to be seen if negotiations will lead to tangible results as multiple questions and concerns linger. In the meantime a sizeable part of Iran’s population still lives under tyranny. Who won? Did President Trump make a quiet deal with China to guarantee oil flows from the Strait of Hormuz and receive something in return during his visit to Beijing from the 13th to the 15th of May? There appears to be room for plenty of misunderstanding.

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India Insider: Can We Become a Developed Economy on Low Wages?

June 15, 2026

by Ben Ezra with No Comment Business Economy Featured Highlights India Uncategorized World

The Brutal Nature of a Large and Cheap Workforce

Ms. Nithya (name changed) works in a private school in Tamil Nadu. She gets to school by 9 AM and leaves around 5 PM. The school she works for hasn’t paid a salary for two months and she has no contract. She gets $83.00 USD per month in a small city of Tamil Nadu State. While this may sound extraordinary to some readers, it is not an isolated case in countries like India.

Salary surveys and labour market studies indicate that many private school teachers in smaller towns and rural areas earn between ₹5,000 and ₹15,000 per month, this despite possessing educational qualifications and working full-time schedules. Though private schools in India often collect exorbitant fees, they pay teachers less and it hasn’t changed for years.

USD/INR Six Month Chart as of 15th June 2026

Indian nurses often are treated in the same manner. Those who prefer to work in government institutions or emigrate to foreign countries earn better wages. Attrition in the nursing industry is quite high in India. Why?

Because of the lower wages in most of the private hospitals in India, and the higher wages offered in Singapore or in the Middle East a career and lifestyle choice arises. That’s why many nurses work for a time in institutions closer to their towns. And then switch to more lucrative opportunities when salaries are more handsome in distant Indian cities or in a foreign country.

Male nurses from rural areas also leave and work in GCC countries. As long as wages remain lower and uncompetitive, attrition will prevail in India’s nursing sector.

Perspectives From The Employees Standpoint

India wants to become a 10 trillion USD economy by 2047. How will India increase its total output to achieve the above target? India has to create jobs and better compensation via salaries for its people.

Without sufficient income, how are people expected to pay for goods and services produced in the economy? And if people are not buying, who will buy the goods? Maybe the generous foreigners, but can India accomplish this goal? India’s service exports such as Information Technology are already facing questions of viability, this as AI confronts and makes strong and sufficient intrusions into existing business models of legacy companies.

Gig workers deliver parcels dictated by soulless algorithms. The algorithm doesn’t understand the burdens of hot summers and cold winters. It dictates rules and regulations according to its capital owners’ protocols. Employees who work in this profession have to work no matter whether they have fevers, cold ,body aches or anything else they might be an affliction.

Like feudal landlords who extracted labour without many concerns for the well being of those who worked under their authority, today’s digital platform economy often places efficiency and profits above human considerations. This is called “techno-feudalism” by some economists.

Though individual states in India have labour laws and regulations, India’s readiness and capability to enforce these laws in order to regulate the welfare of the labour market is still not up to standards elsewhere and difficult to enforce.

If your income remains low relative to the cost of living, how do you increase your consumption? A question that India’s ultra-wealthy should ask as their companies produce everything from cars to household goods and understand the importance of making money for themselves, is if they understand the other side of the balance sheet? Perhaps they would make investments that create jobs which in turn would help families spend their extra money on their companies goods and services.

India suffers from the availability of a high proportion of cheap and qualified labour that is easy to manipulate and allows a few to profit from the many. Given the tepid investments by private business in consideration for the other side of the balance sheet, the wages that most employees receive via basic economic models are insufficient.

Ironically and sadly, in some parts of India, especially in smaller towns or rural areas it is true that many private sector nurses, schoolteachers, and other service workers earn less than the international poverty line of $3 per day (around ₹285 at current exchange rates).

Education is certainly a tool for women empowerment, but it is often confronted by employers who take advantage of the educated and still pay poor salaries. This ‘accepted truth’ regarding education becomes questionable given the reluctance of institutions to pay a better salary for those who have spent money on improving their knowledge and skills. Those who work for meager pay, while not earning enough income to save money, nor participate in liquid investments or stock investments are caught in India’s labour market trap.

While writing this article, I witnessed a young married woman in her 30s, delivering parcels on behalf of Flipkart (owned by Walmart) in a vehicle which suffered from the brutality of the afternoon sun. Such is the nature of the labour market right now in India .

India shouldn’t allow people to work in a system that enriches techno-feudalists and business people by putting the welfare of their employees at risk. If India wants to be a developed economy, it should put people first. Economic development should not be measured solely by GDP growth, stock market indices, or the wealth of billionaires. It should also be judged by whether the ordinary workers can earn enough to live with dignity, support their families, and participate meaningfully in the prosperity they are helping create.

Note: 1 USD = 94.90 INR as of 12^th June 2026

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India Insider: Should the RBI Raise Interest Rates?

June 11, 2026

by Ben Ezra with No Comment Assets Behavioral Sentiment Ben Ezra Central Banks Exclusive Content Featured Highlights Forex India Risk Management Uncategorized World

A Case for Higher Interest Rates In India

As the Rupee remains under pressure and oil prices continue to rise amid tensions in the Middle East, the debate has shifted towards what the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) should do next.

Economist Janak Raj has argued that raising interest rates to defend the Rupee comes with significant costs. Higher rates increase the cost of capital for businesses, reduce investment activity, and compress equity valuations. In theory, this could even accelerate foreign outflows from equities rather than attract fresh capital. Yet the RBI may soon find itself with limited options.

USD/INR One Year Chart as of 11th of June 2026

Foreign Portfolio Investors (FPIs) were net buyers of Indian equities for most of the period between 2004 and 2024, with only a few exceptions such as 2011, 2018 and 2022. However, the trend has changed. FPIs sold approximately $19 billion USD worth of Indian equities in 2025 and another $24 billion USD so far in 2026.

Question: Why are Foreign Investors Selling

One reason is that global investors today have alternatives. The growth of Artificial Intelligence related companies in the United States has created significant investment opportunities. At the same time, U.S Treasury yields hovering around 4.6% offer attractive risk-free returns in a strengthening dollar environment.

For many global investors, earning high returns in Dollar assets is preferable to taking exposure in emerging markets that face current account pressures from rising Crude Oil prices and other energy costs.

Taxation is another factor. India taxes foreign investors at 20% on short-term capital gains and 12.5% on long-term gains. Meanwhile, competing financial centres such as Singapore, Hong Kong, Malaysia and Thailand generally do not tax foreign investors’ capital gains.

Some global funds have argued that India should move closer to international norms, where capital gains are usually taxed in the investor’s home jurisdiction rather than the country where the investment is made. Higher post-tax returns would undoubtedly make Indian assets more attractive.

A stable Rupee would also reduce hedging costs, lower currency-risk premiums and improve the overall risk-reward profile for overseas investors. However, tax cuts alone cannot solve India’s problem.

The Real Issue is Balance of Payments

As Business Line columnist Lokeshwari Mam has pointed out, a significant portion of equity outflows consists of short-term speculative capital. Long-term capital tends to remain invested. This is why the decline in net Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) should concern policymakers more than short-term fluctuations in portfolio flows.

Net FDI has fallen sharply from $28 billion in FY 2022-23 to just $7.7 billion in the year ended March 2026. This is a worrying trend because FDI is the most stable source of external financing. Unlike portfolio flows, it creates factories, jobs, exports and long-term productive capacity.

India therefore needs more than tax incentives. A genuine single window clearance system, reduced bureaucracy, easier business regulations and reforms in manufacturing remain essential. Attracting long-term capital should be a national priority.

The recent foreign buying of Indian bonds after tax cuts is encouraging. But relative to India’s current account financing requirements, it remains a small drop in the ocean.

For example, in FY 2025, the current account deficit was 0.6% of GDP. And in Q4, the current account became a surplus. Is it really that difficult to finance it’s small current account deficit?

India’s external vulnerability is determined not merely by a current account deficit, but by whether the capital account can be comfortably financed. A modest current account deficit still creates currency pressure if foreign capital inflows weaken (which we are seeing), while a larger deficit may be sustainable when capital inflows remain strong. The risk of sustained higher oil prices could widen the deficit, increasing India’s dependence on foreign capital at a time when global liquidity is tightening and U.S Treasury yields are rising.

Furthermore, hedging costs continue to erode much of the yield advantage that Indian bonds offer over U.S Treasuries. In that sense, active global money is likely to prefer Dollar assets over emerging-market debt or equities

India’s repo rate currently stands at 5.25%. The RBI’s decision to raise its inflation forecast to 5.1%, while lowering its GDP growth projection to 6.6% reveals where the shock from the Iran conflict is likely to be felt via higher inflation and weaker growth. For an economy that remains heavily dependent on imported oil, a depreciating Rupee only compounds the problem by increasing the cost of energy imports.

In such an environment, the Monetary Policy Committee is unlikely to focus solely on growth. Currency stability, inflation expectations and the availability of foreign capital to finance India’s external requirements could become increasingly important considerations. If these pressures persist, the RBI should raise the repo rate, in the same manner other Asian central banks have done in recent weeks.